{"id":6799,"date":"2017-02-02T08:51:11","date_gmt":"2017-02-02T13:51:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.thecompliancecenter.com\/?p=6799"},"modified":"2020-01-29T13:42:52","modified_gmt":"2020-01-29T18:42:52","slug":"les-panneaux-de-signalisation-routiere-sont-ils-efficaces","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/help-center\/articles\/les-panneaux-de-signalisation-routiere-sont-ils-efficaces\/","title":{"rendered":"Les panneaux de signalisation routi\u00e8re sont-ils efficaces?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 quel point les panneaux pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au volant sont-ils efficaces?<\/h2>\n

Il y a quelques ann\u00e9es, une personne outr\u00e9e a fait para\u00eetre une lettre dans son journal local concernant les panneaux de signalisation annon\u00e7ant la travers\u00e9e courante de chevreuils pr\u00e9sents sur une autoroute locale. Elle ne pouvait comprendre pourquoi les travers\u00e9es de chevreuils se trouvaient toujours sur des autoroutes\u2026 Ne serait-il pas possible de r\u00e9duire les accidents en indiquant aux chevreuils de plut\u00f4t traverser sur des routes moins achaland\u00e9es?<\/p>\n

Nous pouvons en rire, mais l\u2019histoire soul\u00e8ve tout de m\u00eame un point int\u00e9ressant. \u00c0 quel point les panneaux de signalisation routi\u00e8re sont-ils efficaces? Qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019un panneau tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quent comme celui annon\u00e7ant une \u00ab courbe ou virage raide \u00bb ou d\u2019un plus rare comme celui annon\u00e7ant la \u00ab pr\u00e9sence possible d\u2019orignaux \u00bb, nous les retrouvons partout o\u00f9 nous voyageons. Les minist\u00e8res du Transport consid\u00e8rent qu\u2019ils am\u00e9liorent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re, mais quel est leur efficacit\u00e9 r\u00e9elle?<\/p>\n

Il para\u00eet que la r\u00e9ponse se situe entre \u00ab pas g\u00e9nial \u00bb et \u00ab pas certain \u00bb. Peu d\u2019\u00e9tudes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es sur l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des panneaux de signalisation routi\u00e8re et celles qui existent indiquent un manque \u00e9tonnant d\u2019efficacit\u00e9. Le minist\u00e8re du Transport du Minnesota a, par exemple, admis ce qui suit :<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les panneaux qui avisent les conducteurs de rencontres ou de situations rares, comme une traverse de chevreuils ou des enfants qui jouent, n\u2019ont pas de r\u00e9percussions persistantes sur le comportement du conducteur. L\u2019utilisation \u00e0 grand \u00e9chelle ou l\u2019utilisation inappropri\u00e9e des panneaux de signalisation r\u00e9duit leur efficacit\u00e9 globale. \u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Tom Vanderbilt, auteur du livre Traffic: Why We Drive the Way We Do (and What It Says About Us),<\/strong> mentionne ceci :<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les conducteurs voient r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des panneaux de signalisation de passages de chevreuils (aux \u00c9tats-Unis) ou d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phants (au Sri Lanka) ou de chameaux (en Tunisie). Il est difficile de d\u00e9terminer ce qui passe par la t\u00eate d\u2019un conducteur lorsqu\u2019il voit le panneau de signalisation d\u2019un passage de chevreuils, d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phants ou de chameaux. Toutefois, des \u00e9tudes ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que la plupart des conducteurs ne modifient pas du tout leur vitesse de conduite. \u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Il est \u00e9tonnant que l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des panneaux de signalisation n\u2019ait jamais fait l\u2019objet de davantage de recherche, puisque nous pouvons apercevoir ces derniers sur toutes les autoroutes ou routes achaland\u00e9es. Aussi rares soient-elles, les recherches effectu\u00e9es n\u2019ont pas d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les panneaux de signalisation avait un effet consid\u00e9rable sur la r\u00e9duction des accidents dans les zones dangereuses. En fait, plusieurs experts croient que l\u2019objectif principal des signaux de signalisation routi\u00e8re n\u2019est pas de r\u00e9duire les accidents mais plut\u00f4t de fournir une protection au gouvernement qui les affiche en cas de poursuite.<\/p>\n

Pourquoi ne sont-ils pas efficaces?<\/h2>\n

Pourquoi donc les signaux de signalisation routi\u00e8re ne fonctionnent-ils pas comme pr\u00e9vu? Il semblerait que cela est attribuable \u00e0 plusieurs facteurs. Marc Green, dans son article intitul\u00e9 The Psychology of Warnings (La psychologie des panneaux d\u2019avertissement)<\/em><\/a> implique que le conducteur effectue une analyse co\u00fbts-avantages, dans laquelle il fait peser les facteurs suivants :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Co\u00fbt de la conformit\u00e9 \u2013 la plupart des panneaux de signalisation routi\u00e8re, dans leur message le plus fondamental, indiquent \u00ab ralentissez car quelque chose de dangereux s\u2019en vient. \u00bb Le conducteur, consciemment ou non, consid\u00e9rera l\u2019inconv\u00e9nient d\u2019\u00eatre en retard ou les commentaires sur sa lenteur dans le cadre du co\u00fbt li\u00e9 \u00e0 la conformit\u00e9. Green indique que le probl\u00e8me est similaire avec les \u00e9tiquettes de mise en garde sur les produits. L\u2019augmentation du \u00ab temps requis pour la lecture \u00bb peut \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e comme le \u00ab co\u00fbt de la conformit\u00e9 \u00bb. Qui prendra le temps de lire toute une \u00e9tiquette de produit lorsqu\u2019un travail urgent est \u00e0 faire?<\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. Perception du danger<\/strong>danger \u2013 il s\u2019agit toujours du m\u00eame probl\u00e8me, soit le risque par rapport au danger. La plupart des conducteurs s\u2019immobiliseront aux panneaux d\u2019arr\u00eat parce qu\u2019ils comprennent que s\u2019ils ne le font pas, ils risquent davantage d\u2019\u00eatre heurt\u00e9s. Par contre, si vous utilisez la m\u00eame route depuis des ann\u00e9es et n\u2019avez jamais vu un chevreuil, vous pourriez en venir \u00e0 penser que m\u00eame si les cons\u00e9quences de frapper un chevreuil sont \u00e9lev\u00e9es, le risque que cela survienne est quant \u00e0 lui faible. Paradoxalement, les personnes qui ont pleinement confiance en leurs aptitudes de conduite sont plus susceptibles d\u2019ignorer de tels panneaux. Green souligne \u00ab l\u2019une des ironies li\u00e9es aux avertissements est que plus le visionneur est exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 et comp\u00e9tent, plus l\u2019effet de familiarisation est \u00e9lev\u00e9 et plus grand est le risque que la mise en garde soit ignor\u00e9e. Par exemple, les membres d\u2019une \u00e9quipe de plong\u00e9e sont les plus susceptibles d\u2019ignorer les panneaux \u00ab Plong\u00e9e interdite \u00bb. De plus, le comportement gr\u00e9gaire peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre un facteur : si tout le monde roule vite, cela semble plus s\u00e9curitaire que si tout le monde r\u00e9duit sa vitesse.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Chaque conducteur \u00e9valuera ces deux facteurs et prendra (peut-\u00eatre inconsciemment) la d\u00e9cision d\u2019ob\u00e9ir au panneau ou de l\u2019ignorer et de risquer qu\u2019un \u00e9v\u00e9nement d\u00e9sagr\u00e9able survienne plus loin sur la route.<\/p>\n

    Conformit\u00e9 et compr\u00e9hension<\/h2>\n

    Les experts de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 travaillent maintenant de plusieurs fa\u00e7ons pour d\u00e9terminer quels facteurs psychologiques font en sorte que les personnes d\u00e9cident d\u2019ob\u00e9ir aux panneaux de signalisation. Par exemple, l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des panneaux peut \u00eatre amoindrie si ces derniers apparaissent partout. Par cons\u00e9quent, les panneaux devraient \u00eatre affich\u00e9s uniquement o\u00f9 des dangers importants existent vraiment. Green a mentionn\u00e9 ce qui suit :<\/p>\n

    \u00ab Les personnes ont inconsciemment apprise la r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale voulant que les affiches et panneaux soient plus grands et plus voyants selon leur importance, probablement parce qu\u2019ils seront ainsi aper\u00e7us plus rapidement. Les visionneurs sont donc plus susceptibles de consid\u00e9rer les panneaux qui sont petits, d\u00e9color\u00e9s ou install\u00e9s en p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie comme signalant un risque de moindre importance. \u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Ces facteurs s\u2019appliquent \u00e0 tous les conducteurs, mais ils sont \u00e9galement un enjeu important pour les \u00e9tiquettes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au travail et celles destin\u00e9es aux consommateurs. Les concepteurs des \u00e9tiquettes de l\u2019OSHA ou du SIDMUT doivent \u00e9videmment se conformer aux r\u00e8glements, mais la compr\u00e9hension de la psychologie des panneaux de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est \u00e9galement importante pour cr\u00e9er une \u00e9tiquette efficace. L\u2019\u00e9tiquette doit \u00eatre en mesure de persuader le lecteur que la conformit\u00e9 est vraiment la r\u00e9ponse pr\u00e9sentant le meilleur rapport co\u00fbts-avantages. En \u00e9tudiant ce que nous avons appris au sujet des panneaux de signalisation routi\u00e8re, nous pouvons d\u00e9couvrir les nuances psychologiques susceptibles d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019observance de l\u2019\u00e9tiquette par les utilisateurs.<\/p>\n

    Heureusement, les \u00e9tiquettes de l\u2019OSHA et du SIMDUT contiennent des conseils de prudence qui indiquent pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019utilisateur ce qu\u2019il doit faire pour pr\u00e9server la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, une caract\u00e9ristique souvent absente sur les panneaux de signalisation routi\u00e8re. Par exemple, que devrait faire un conducteur lorsqu\u2019il est face \u00e0 un panneau signalant un \u00ab risque d\u2019\u00e9boulement \u00bb? Il devrait \u00e9viter la zone? Porter un casque protecteur lorsqu\u2019il traverse la zone? Je n\u2019ai d\u2019ailleurs jamais compris comment les conducteurs traversant une route nationale \u00e9cossaise devaient r\u00e9agir en pr\u00e9sence du panneau concernant les virages aveugles \u2013 \u00ab La circulation en sens inverse pourrait se trouver au centre de la route \u00bb \u2013 qui ne donne aucune suggestion aux conducteurs sur la fa\u00e7on de n\u00e9gocier le virage de mani\u00e8re s\u00e9curitaire.<\/p>\n

    Avez-vous vu des panneaux de signalisation efficaces ou inefficaces particuliers? Si oui, faites-nous en part dans la section des commentaires. En outre, si vous avez des questions sur l\u2019\u00e9tiquetage pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au travail ou pendant le transport, veuillez communiquer avec le Centre de Conformit\u00e9 ICC au 1 888 442-9628 (\u00c9.-U.) ou 1 888 977-4834 (Canada).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00c0 quel point les panneaux pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au volant sont-ils efficaces? Il y a quelques ann\u00e9es, une personne outr\u00e9e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12546,"featured_media":6727,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2751],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6799","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-uncategorized-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes panneaux de signalisation routi\u00e8re sont-ils efficaces? - ICC Compliance Center Inc - Canada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Highway traffic signs can be found everywhere, but do they really make us safer drivers?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6799\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les panneaux de signalisation routi\u00e8re sont-ils efficaces? 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