{"id":859483,"date":"2021-12-14T07:00:16","date_gmt":"2021-12-14T12:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/?p=859483"},"modified":"2021-12-14T07:20:19","modified_gmt":"2021-12-14T12:20:19","slug":"big-change-coming-in-2022-for-lithium-batteries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/help-center\/articles\/big-change-coming-in-2022-for-lithium-batteries\/","title":{"rendered":"Big Change Coming in 2022 for Lithium Batteries"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-875502 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ICC_2022ChangesforLithiumBatteries_Blog_11-2021.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1001\" height=\"301\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we reach the end of the year, we need to start planning for the changes that await us in 2022. And if you ship lithium batteries by air, there\u2019s a big one coming.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lithium batteries have, for the past few years, been divided into high and low-powered types. High-powered lithium batteries must be transported as normal dangerous goods, in Class 9. On the other hand, low-powered lithium batteries are excepted from many of the requirements of the regulations. In most regulations, such as the US <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-49\/subtitle-B\/chapter-I\/subchapter-C\/part-172\/subpart-B\/section-172.101\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations<\/a><\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (49 CFR) Canada\u2019s \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/regulations\/sor-2001-286\/page-4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d (TDGR), this two-pronged approach is pretty straightforward. However, by air under <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the ICAO Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (IATA DGR)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it\u2019s been a little more complicated, particularly when dealing with standalone batteries not installed in or accompanied by equipment in the same package.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-875503 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/AdobeStock_246832453-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Figure 1 &#8211;<\/strong> Low-powered Standalone Lithium Batteries<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h2><b>Section IA, IB, and II \u2013 What Do They Mean?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Air transport has, unfortunately, been plagued with a number of serious accidents involving <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/709370476f2645f299beb6c8c66d216b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lithium batteries becoming involved in fires<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Not only do lithium batteries have an unfortunate habit of self-igniting if damaged or packaged improperly, but they can be quite difficult to extinguish in flight. This has particularly been a problem with large amounts of lithium batteries (even smaller consumer batteries) packaged in large quantities, such as skids shipped by manufacturers. Fires from batteries installed in equipment (or packed with equipment) tend not to be as serious since fewer batteries would be in proximity, leading to less heat generated and less tendency to spread.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, the International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO) decided to set some very strict limits on how many standalone lithium batteries could be packaged together. For lithium metal batteries in UN3090, these limits can be found in Packing Instruction 968, while for lithium-ion batteries in UN3480, you can find the information in Packing Instruction 965.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The regulators created one standard for high-powered lithium batteries and two options for low-powered shipping batteries. First, for high-powered batteries, they created what they called the IA option. This is for the following power ratings:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lithium-ion cells, over 20 Watt-hours<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lithium-ion batteries (two or more cells connected together), over 100 Watt-hours<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lithium metal cells, more than 1.0 gram of lithium metal per cell<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lithium metal batteries, more than 2.0 grams of lithium metal total per battery unit<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The IA option allows you to ship up to 35 kilograms net weight of high-powered batteries or cells per package in UN specification packaging such as 4G fibreboard boxes. Alternatively, batteries exceeding 12 kilograms with strong, impact-resistant outer casings may be shipped in outer packagings that are not UN specification, but strong enough that, in combination with the casing, the batteries should not be damaged by normal handling incident to air transport.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, most consumer batteries will qualify as low-powered. This classification includes typical consumer batteries sold in packs, such as the AA or AAA size cells, and spare or replacement batteries for electronic devices such as laptop computers and power tools. The original concept was to ship them as what are called Section II batteries. These would require no other package markings than the \u201cLithium Battery Handling Mark,\u201d would not require UN specification packaging, and would not require a Shipper\u2019s Declaration for Dangerous Goods for documentation. They would merely have to be noted on the Air Waybill.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-179367\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cm\/l\/b\/lbusi6603_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"199\" height=\"199\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Figure 2 &#8211;<\/strong> Lithium Battery Handling Mark<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, as a response to fires involving large pallets of small batteries, the air regulations set an extremely low number per package when using Section II. If the batteries did not exceed 0.3 grams of lithium or 2.7 Watt-hour per cell, you could ship up to 2.5 kilograms net per package. This would cover very small batteries such as button (\u201ccoin\u201d) cells or AAA cells. For larger batteries that are still in the low-powered range, such as AA cells or replacement batteries for laptop computers, you would be restricted to no more than eight cells or two batteries per box. This would mean, for example, that it would not be possible to ship a 16-cell blister pack of AA cells by air under Section II. Also, you could not ship more than one such package per overpack, such as a skid. In the eyes of the air industry, this would prevent high concentrations of lithium batteries from being shipped with reduced transport requirements in a way that would contribute to a severe risk of fire.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To allow slightly larger packages of low-powered standalone batteries, a third option was created, called Section IB. This option would allow you to ship up to 2.5 kg of lithium metal batteries or 10 kg of lithium-ion batteries that met the power rating limits of Section II. However, the package would have to display both the Lithium Battery Handling Mark and all the requirements for a fully-regulated IA package, such as a Class 9 label, shipping name, UN number, and addresses. In addition, the shipment would have to be documented on the Shipper\u2019s Declaration for Dangerous Goods. The main benefit was that the package would not have to be a UN specification package.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Note that standalone batteries under UN3090 and UN3480 have been, for many years, banned from passenger aircraft. The section used (IA, IB, or II) would not affect this prohibition against standalone batteries being shipped on passenger aircraft.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even this compromise didn\u2019t satisfy many airlines. A number of airlines, such as FedEx Express and UPS, adopted operator variations that barred the acceptance of Section II lithium batteries, forcing shippers to use Section IB even when, say, shipping a package of two button cells per box. They would still accept Section II shipments, but only if the batteries were installed in or packed with equipment. This created a great deal of confusion, where a perfectly legal package prepared as a Section II for UN3090 or UN3480 might be delayed or even become undeliverable due to carrier restrictions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>The Solution \u2013 Eliminate Section II for Standalone Batteries<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ICAO and IATA have eventually resolved this, although not perhaps in a way that satisfies the shippers of large amounts of low-powered batteries. The solution was simply to remove the option of using Section II for standalone batteries.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, if you refer to the 2022 edition of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IATA<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dangerous Goods Regulations<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (63<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rd<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> edition), you will not find Section II in Packing Instructions 965 and 968, as in previous years. Instead, the only options in those instructions are to ship as Section IA (fully regulated) or Section IB (reduced packaging requirements, but full package marks and labels and a Shipper\u2019s Declaration required). There will be a note that the Section II provisions found in the 62<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nd<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Edition from 2021 may be used until the 31<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">st<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of March, 2022. This should give those companies who have been using this provision enough time to reorganize their systems and, if necessary, retrain their staff.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Note that in Canada and the US, national regulations have not yet been amended to reflect the same restrictions. Canada really doesn\u2019t have to amend TDG since that regulation requires the use of the current ICAO regulations as a standard for air transport. The US may allow the shipment of low-powered lithium batteries by air for the next little while until a subsequent harmonization \u2013 however, since most commercial airlines follow the IATA DGR, it would be unlikely that such shipments would be accepted by any of the major air carriers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keep in mind, this change <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">only<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> applies to standalone batteries shipped as UN3090 or UN3480. Lithium batteries contained in or packed with equipment (UN3091\/UN3481) will still be accepted under ICAO\/IATA rules as Section II. Also, the change doesn\u2019t affect the provisions for shipping low-powered lithium batteries by ground (49 CFR\/TDG) or by ocean (using the IMDG Code).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While there\u2019s no data yet that this change will improve the safety of shipments of standalone lithium batteries, it does at least simplify the rules for how to ship them. Companies who currently use Section II for shipments of UN3090 and UN3480 will need to make new plans for 2022, but will at least have a three-month transition period. Of course, many companies have found the carrier restrictions on shipping these batteries as Section II has already forced them to use Section IB as a standard.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Have questions about how to ship lithium batteries? Need training for your staff in the updated regulations? Contact The Compliance Center, 1-888-442-9628 (U.S.) or 1-888-977-4834 (Canada). We can help you plan for the future.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Sources:<br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Associated Press, \u201cFires involving Lithium Batteries on Planes,\u201d <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/709370476f2645f299beb6c8c66d216b\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/709370476f2645f299beb6c8c66d216b<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Federal Aviation Administration, \u201cLithium Battery Safety Resources,\u201d <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.faa.gov\/hazmat\/resources\/lithium_batteries\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.faa.gov\/hazmat\/resources\/lithium_batteries\/<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ICAO Dangerous Goods Panel, DGP\/28-WP\/4, \u201cDeletion of Section II of Packing Instructions 965 and 968,\u201d <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icao.int\/safety\/DangerousGoods\/DGP28\/DGP.28.WP.004.4.en.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.icao.int\/safety\/DangerousGoods\/DGP28\/DGP.28.WP.004.4.en.pdf<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sciencing.com, \u201cEnergizer Watt-Hour Battery Specs,\u201d <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sciencing.com\/energizer-watthour-battery-specs-7425932.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/sciencing.com\/energizer-watthour-battery-specs-7425932.html<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/newsletter-signup\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stay up to date and sign up for our newsletter!<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>We have all the products, services and training you need to ensure your staff is properly trained and informed.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/product-category\/publications\/iata\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-874267\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BK-IATA22-150x150.png\" alt=\"2022 IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (63rd Edition), Perfect Bound, English\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/product-category\/publications\/iata\/\">IATA Publications<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/training-courses\/shipping-lithium-batteries\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-853622\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/WB-LIT10R-150x150.png\" alt=\"Shipping Lithium Batteries by Air (IATA) - Online Training\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/training-courses\/shipping-lithium-batteries\/\">Shipping Lithium Batteries Training Courses<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/product-category\/labels\/lithium-batteries-labels\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-209492\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ICC_LithiumBatteries-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/product-category\/labels\/lithium-batteries-labels\/\">Lithium Batteries Labels<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As we reach the end of the year, we need to start planning for the changes that await us in&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12546,"featured_media":859484,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2402,2413,2494,2661,2740,3047,3197,4000,4007,4008,4037,4909],"tags":[2362,2364,2366,2368,2407,2429,2443,2455,2462,2496,2574,2612,2643],"class_list":["post-859483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-safety-2","category-tdg-regulation-updates","category-iata-and-icao","category-49-cfr-regulation-updates","category-imdg-code-regulation-updates","category-packaging-updates","category-lithium-batteries","category-air-transport-popular-topic","category-ocean-sea-transport","category-ground-road-and-rail-transport","category-compliance-training","category-limited-quantities-cat","tag-dangerous-goods","tag-hazmat","tag-tdg","tag-49-cfr","tag-dot","tag-regulations","tag-safety","tag-iata","tag-lithium-batteries","tag-shipping","tag-hazardous-materials","tag-un-packaging","tag-imdg"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - 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