{"id":885119,"date":"2025-09-02T07:00:25","date_gmt":"2025-09-02T11:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/?p=885119"},"modified":"2025-12-01T01:54:50","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T06:54:50","slug":"a-flashy-topic-combustible-flammable-and-ignitible-liquids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/help-center\/articles\/a-flashy-topic-combustible-flammable-and-ignitible-liquids\/","title":{"rendered":"A Flashy Topic \u2013 Combustible, Flammable and Ignitible Liquids"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

A Flashy Topic \u2013 Combustible, Flammable and Ignitible Liquids<\/h2>\n

When it comes to liquids and fire, not all are created equal\u2014some ignite in a heartbeat, others take their time, and a few need a sharp nudge. The terms flammable<\/em>, combustible<\/em>, and ignitable<\/em> often get tossed around interchangeably, but they each have distinct meanings in the world of safety and science. These terms aren’t just jargon \u2013 they are used to determine how dangerous a liquid is in various situations, how should be stored, and how should be handled. Unfortunately, these terms may differ depending on which regulation you\u2019re using. Understanding the difference could mean the difference between controlled safety and a fiery disaster. Let\u2019s dive into what sets these terms apart and why they matter.<\/p>\n

Transportation of Dangerous Goods<\/h3>\n

Under the current UN Recommendations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods (Model Regulations)<\/em><\/a>, there are only two types of liquids \u2013 flammable and non-flammable. After some development, the UN Recommendations (and regulations that are based on them, such as Canada\u2019s \u201cTransportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations<\/a>,\u201d the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code<\/em><\/a> and the ICAO Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air<\/em><\/a>) came up with an easy-to-use dividing line \u2013 liquids with a closed cup flash point of 60\u00b0C or less would be flammable. Those with flash points exceeding 60\u00b0C would not. (The flash point represents \u201cthe temperature at which the vapour above a volatile liquid forms a combustible mixture with air\u201d and can be measured by various testing devices, the most accurate being the \u201cclosed cup\u201d system.)<\/p>\n

Of course, it wouldn\u2019t be a UN system without a handful of exceptions to complicate matters, so we have special rules for liquids with flash points below 60\u00b0C but with low combustibility, and liquids transported at temperatures above their flash points. But in general, the classification procedure in the UN Recommendations gives us a simple \u201cyes or no\u201d answer to the question, \u201cdoes this liquid pose enough of a fire hazard to be transported as dangerous?\u201d<\/p>\n

One odd thing about the term \u201cflammable\u201d is that before the safety experts got involved, the term for easily-ignitable liquids was \u201cinflammable.\u201d However, for by the 1950s, safety studies showed that many workers thought the prefix \u201cin\u201d meant \u201cnon,\u201d and got entirely the wrong idea. Grammar experts call this a \u201cfalse antonym.\u201d So, the word was changed to simply \u201cflammable\u201d in English when used for safety purposes. (However, you will see the word \u201cinflammable\u201d still used in other languages, such as French.)<\/p>\n

U.S. \u201cHazardous Materials Regulations\u201d<\/h3>\n

The United States modified the UN approach for their \u201cHazardous Materials Regulations<\/a>\u201d of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations<\/em> (49 CFR). Based on concepts developed by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) in the 1930s and 1940s, they broke liquids into three groups \u2013 flammable, non-flammable, and an intermediate classification of combustible. Flammable liquids would have flash points up to 100\u00b0F (37.8\u00b0C), while combustible ones would have flash points between 100\u00b0F and 200\u00b0F (93.3\u00b0C).<\/p>\n

In the area of overlap between the UN system and the \u201cHazardous Materials Regulations\u201d (100\u00b0F to 140\u00b0F), the user can choose to use either flammable or combustible. The advantage of combustible liquids is that they can be transported by road or rail as non-regulated when in non-bulk form, assuming they have no other hazard. This does create some disharmony with international regulations, but gives relief for smaller containers while maintaining a high level of protection for bulk shipments.<\/p>\n

The GHS and Workplace Hazard Communication<\/h3>\n

The Globally Harmonized System for Chemical Classification and Labelling<\/em><\/a> (GHS) used by both the hazard communication standard<\/a> of the Occupational Safety and Health Act<\/em> (OSHA) and Canada\u2019s \u201cHazardous Products Regulations<\/a>\u201d (HPR) also uses the concepts of flammable and combustible liquids. These are aimed at safety when workers are handling the material (not transportation or storage specifically). Remember, the GHS also uses categories to indicate the degree of danger, starting with the most dangerous substances in Category 1. Flammable liquids (flash points not greater than 60\u00b0C) are divided into three categories, based on a combination of their flash points and boiling points. Combustible liquids (with flash points greater than 60\u00b0C but not greater than 93\u00b0C) are put into the combustible liquid category 4. Note that this means that a liquid with a flash point below 60\u00b0C might be classed as combustible under the \u201cHazardous Materials Regulations\u201d for transport, but as a flammable liquid under OSHA hazard communication standard.<\/p>\n

The National Fire Protection Association and Fire Codes<\/h3>\n

Today, most North American Fire Codes are based on standards created by the NFPA. Their concepts of what is \u201cflammable\u201d and what is \u201ccombustible\u201d are laid out it the standard \u201cNFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code<\/a>.\u201d This has, you guessed it, its own unique spin on flammable and combustible liquids, as well as introducing a new term, \u201cignitible.\u201d<\/p>\n

The NFPA uses its classification to determine storage requirements, so it\u2019s a little more complex than what we see for transportation and workplace safety. It establishes three \u201cclasses,\u201d which cover combustible and flammable liquids as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Class<\/strong><\/td>\nName of Class<\/strong><\/td>\nFlash Point<\/strong><\/td>\nBoiling Point<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I-A<\/td>\nFlammable
\nliquid<\/td>\n		Less than 22.8 \u00b0C (73\u00a0\u00b0F)<\/td>\nLess than 37.8\u00a0\u00b0C (100\u00a0\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I-B<\/td>\nLess than 22.8 \u00b0C (73\u00a0\u00b0F)<\/td>\n37.8\u00a0\u00b0C (100\u00a0\u00b0F) or greater<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I-C<\/td>\n22.8 \u00b0C (73\u00a0\u00b0F) or more, but less than 37.8\u00a0\u00b0C (100\u00a0\u00b0F)<\/td>\nNot used<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
II<\/td>\nCombustible liquid<\/td>\n37.8\u00a0\u00b0C (100\u00a0\u00b0F) or more, but less than 60\u00a0\u00b0C (140\u00a0\u00b0F)<\/td>\nNot used<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
III-A<\/td>\n60\u00a0\u00b0C (140\u00a0\u00b0F) or more but less than 200\u00a0\u00b0F (93\u00a0\u00b0C)<\/td>\nNot used<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
III-B<\/td>\n200\u00a0\u00b0F (93\u00a0\u00b0C) or more<\/td>\nNot used<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Then, both flammable and combustible liquids are grouped as \u201cignitible\u201d for the purpose of the code. Yes, it\u2019s not the normal spelling of the word \u201cignitable,\u201d to indicate that the word has a specific meaning for the Code separate from normal English usage.<\/p>\n

Then, to further complicate things, there is another NFPA standard, NFPA 704: Standard System for the Iden<\/em>tification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response<\/em>, that has yet another classification system, this time for identifying hazardous materials on site for emergency responders, rather than workers. Fortunately, this system doesn\u2019t use the terms combustible versus flammable or ignitible. Instead, it assigned substances to a designation of 0 to 4, depending on the risk of fire in emergency situations.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h3>\n

To properly classify your liquids as flammable<\/em>, combustible,<\/em> or the bane of spell checkers everywhere, ignitible<\/em>, you need to know the regulation you\u2019re dealing with. Transportation, workplace safety, storage and emergency response systems all have different definitions! But if you\u2019re confused, just contact ICC Compliance Center here at 888-977-4834 (Canada) or 888-442-9628 (U.S.) and ask for one of our regulatory specialists. We can advise you on the various ways liquids can be classified.<\/p>\n

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We have all the products, services and training you need to ensure your staff is properly trained and informed.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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References:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Merriam-Webster.com, \u201cFlammable vs Inflammable,\u201d https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/grammar\/flammable-or-inflammable<\/a><\/p>\n

Wikipedia, \u201cCombustibility and flammability,\u201d https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Combustibility_and_flammability<\/a><\/p>\n

Wikipedia, \u201cNFPA 704,\u201d https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NFPA_704<\/a><\/p>\n

Kilpatrick, Lynne M., \u201cFire Codes and the GHS \u2013 Part 5: Flammable and Combustible Liquids,\u201d https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/fire-codes-ghs-part-5-flammable-combustible-liquids-kilpatrick-ad4tc\/<\/a><\/p>\n

NFPA.org, by Zevotek, Robin, \u201cWhat is an Ignitible Liquid and How Is It Classified?,\u201d https:\/\/www.nfpa.org\/news-blogs-and-articles\/blogs\/2024\/04\/17\/what-is-an-ignitable-liquid-and-how-is-it-classified<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Flashy Topic \u2013 Combustible, Flammable and Ignitible Liquids When it comes to liquids and fire, not all are created…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12546,"featured_media":885120,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2402,2413,2494,2661,2740,4000,4007,4008,4870,5069,5072,5073,5074,5080,5081,5091],"tags":[2362,2366,2368,2429,2455,2496,2502,2531,2582,2643,2648],"class_list":["post-885119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-safety-2","category-tdg-regulation-updates","category-iata-and-icao","category-49-cfr-regulation-updates","category-imdg-code-regulation-updates","category-air-transport-popular-topic","category-ocean-sea-transport","category-ground-road-and-rail-transport","category-osha-whmis-clp","category-ground-transportation","category-workplace-safety","category-dot-49-cfr","category-tdgr","category-osha","category-whmis","category-sds-workplace","tag-dangerous-goods","tag-tdg","tag-49-cfr","tag-regulations","tag-iata","tag-shipping","tag-ghs","tag-osha","tag-nfpa","tag-imdg","tag-hazcom"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA Flashy Topic: Combustible, Flammable and Ignitible Liquids | ICC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understanding flammable, combustible, and ignitible liquids is critical for safety and compliance. 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