{"id":887749,"date":"2026-09-22T07:00:19","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T11:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/?p=887749"},"modified":"2026-09-28T12:55:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T16:55:50","slug":"why-ullage-matters-in-ibc-shipments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/help-center\/articles\/why-ullage-matters-in-ibc-shipments\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Ullage Matters in IBC Shipments"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-887751\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/ICC_00072_Filling-Limits-IBC_Blog.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/ICC_00072_Filling-Limits-IBC_Blog.png 1000w, https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/ICC_00072_Filling-Limits-IBC_Blog-300x53.png 300w, https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/ICC_00072_Filling-Limits-IBC_Blog-768x134.png 768w, https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/ICC_00072_Filling-Limits-IBC_Blog-600x105.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>Why Ullage Matters in IBC Shipments<\/h2>\n<h4><strong>Why IBC Filling Limits Matter<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>When shipping liquids in Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs), one critical safety consideration is allowing enough space for thermal expansion. As temperatures rise during transport, liquids expand. If an IBC is filled completely, the expanding liquid may create pressure inside the package, potentially leading to leaks, deformation, or even failure of the container. For this reason, dangerous goods regulations establish limits on how full an IBC may be filled.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>North American Requirements for Ullage<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>In Canada and the United States, the regulatory approach is essentially the same. Under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/product-category\/publications\/canadian-tdg\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulation<\/strong><\/a>s and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/product-category\/publications\/us-49-cfr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>U.S. hazardous materials regulations in 49 CFR<\/strong><\/a>, liquids must be loaded so that sufficient ullage remains and the IBC will not exceed 98 percent of its water capacity at a mean bulk temperature of 50 \u00b0C (122 \u00b0F). This requirement assumes that packages may be exposed to elevated temperatures during transportation and ensures that there is enough space inside the IBC to safely accommodate the expansion of the liquid.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>How ADR Approaches Filling Limits<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The European system under ADR, which follows the framework of the regulation, takes a slightly different approach. It provides two possible methods for determining filling limits. One option uses a table that relates the filling temperature to a maximum percentage of capacity, while the other uses a mathematical formula based on the coefficient of thermal expansion of the liquid. Both methods ultimately serve the same purpose: ensuring that enough space is left inside the packaging to safely accommodate expansion during transport.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Example Calculation for a 1,000-Litre IBC<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>A simple practical example helps illustrate the North American approach. If an IBC has a water capacity of 1,000 litres, the maximum permitted filling amount would be:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1,000 L \u00d7 0.98 = 980 L<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In this situation, the IBC should be filled with no more than 980 litres, leaving approximately 20 litres of ullage. This remaining space allows the liquid to expand if the temperature increases during transport.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Don&#8217;t Forget Maximum Gross Mass<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>It is also important to remember that IBCs display a UN performance marking on the outside of the container. This marking includes a maximum permissible gross mass, which represents the total allowable weight of the filled IBC, including the packaging itself. Since liquids have weight and different products can vary significantly in density, shippers should always verify that the combined weight of the product and the IBC does not exceed this marked limit. Even if the filling volume is acceptable, exceeding the maximum gross mass would still place the package out of compliance.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>The Key Takeaway<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Although the regulatory wording differs slightly between regions, the safety principle remains the same worldwide: liquid dangerous goods should never be filled completely into an IBC. Maintaining sufficient ullage and respecting the maximum permissible gross mass are both essential steps for preventing leaks, protecting the integrity of the packaging, and ensuring the safe transportation of hazardous materials.<\/p>\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/newsletter-signup\/\">Stay up to date and sign up for our newsletter!<\/a><\/h2>\n<p><em><strong>We have all the products, services and training you need to ensure your staff is properly trained and informed.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/training-courses\/shipping-dangerous-goods-by-ground-in-canada\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-858071 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/WB-CLR15-1-150x150.png\" alt=\"Shipping Dangerous Goods Transborder Canada to USA by Ground \u2013 Online Training\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/training-courses\/shipping-dangerous-goods-by-ground-in-canada\/\">Shipping Dangerous Goods<br \/>\nby Ground<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/product-category\/publications\/canadian-tdg\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-855648 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/BK-CLTJE-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/product-category\/publications\/canadian-tdg\/\">TDG Publications<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/product-category\/labels\/shipping-and-handling\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-209480 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ICC_ShippingHandling-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/product-category\/labels\/shipping-and-handling\/\">Shipping &amp; Handling Labels<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why Ullage Matters in IBC Shipments Why IBC Filling Limits Matter When shipping liquids in Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs), one&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12601,"featured_media":887750,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5089,5088,5085,5078,5075,5074,5073,5069],"tags":[2612,2362,2574,2496,2443,2429,2407,2368,2366,2364],"class_list":["post-887749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-training","category-documentation","category-un-packaging","category-imdg","category-phsma","category-tdgr","category-dot-49-cfr","category-ground-transportation","tag-un-packaging","tag-dangerous-goods","tag-hazardous-materials","tag-shipping","tag-safety","tag-regulations","tag-dot","tag-49-cfr","tag-tdg","tag-hazmat"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Why Ullage Matters in IBC Shipments | ICC<\/title>\n<meta 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Initially as an Infantry section Commander in the Princess Patricia Canadian Lite Infantry (PPCLI), he served on two peace keeping missions in the former Yugoslavia, and one combat tour in Afghanistan where his unit was awarded the Governor General Unit Citation for actions in combat. He then continued to serve as a member of the Royal Canadian Air Force as a firefighter, where he completed a diploma in Fire Science\\\/ Fire-fighting from Memorial University and Occupational Health and Safety diploma from the University of New Brunswick. Lastly, in his career with the Canadian Forces, he served as a member of the Joint Incident Response Unit (CJIRU) as a Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Operator (CBRN Op), part of the Canadian Special Operation Command (CANSOFCOM). Upon his retirement from the Canadian Forces, he took a position as a Life Cycle Management of hazardous materials instructor for the logistical branch of the Department of National Defense and is knowledgeable in NFCC, CEPA 1999, IMHWR, TDGR, ICAO, IATA, IMDG, GHS and OH&amp;S federal regulations.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\\\/ca\\\/help-center\\\/articles\\\/author\\\/ewoodfine\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Why Ullage Matters in IBC Shipments | ICC","description":"Learn how IBC filling limits and ullage help prevent leaks and keep liquid dangerous goods shipments safe and compliant.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/887749","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Why Ullage Matters in IBC Shipments | ICC","og_description":"Learn how IBC filling limits and ullage help prevent leaks and keep liquid dangerous goods shipments safe and compliant.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.thecompliancecenter.com\/ca\/help-center\/articles\/why-ullage-matters-in-ibc-shipments\/","og_site_name":"ICC Compliance Center Inc - 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